What Is  A Solution?

        Solution:  A uniform mixture  that contains a solvent ant least one solute.
                        has the same properties throughout.
 
                    Solvent:  part of a solution repsent in the largest amount.
                                    dissolves the other substance.
                                    WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
 
                    Solute:  substance that is present in a solution in a smaller amount
                                    is dissolved by the solvent
 

                            EXAMPLES:   Dissolved salt in water - SALT WATER
                                                        changes propeties.  Lower freezing point
                                                                                      When boiling - water evaporates leaving salt behind

                                                    Dissolved sugar in water - SUGAR WATER

        OTHER SOLUTIONS
                    Gasoline:  several different liquid fuels.
                    Air:  a mixture of gases:   appoximation of Percentages:  nitrogen 72%  oxgyen 28%,  Argon 4%

Colloids and Suspension

        Colloids:  A ctaoins larger particles than a solution.  The particles are too small to se seen easily, however are large enough to scatter light.
                        undissolves particles to do not settle out.
                        EXAMPLES:  milk,  fog,, gelatin, mayonnaise, shaving cream, whipped cream

        Suspension:  does not have the same properties througout.  It contains visible particles that are larger than the particles in solutions or colloids

Particles in a Solution
        particles of the sovent surround and separate the particles of the solute.

        Ionic and Molecular compounds in solution (picture on page. 259 -  cgp 2031 to see interactive)
                Ionic compounds (salt) in water
                        positve and negative ions are attracted to the polar water molecules.
                        conducts electricity

                Molecular compounds (sugar) in water
                            sugar breaks up into neutral molecules
                            bonds remain unbroken
                            does not conduct electricity

Effects of Solutes on Solvents
        Solutes lower the  freezing points and raise the boiling point of a solvent.
            Lower Freezing points
                    Water freezes at 0^oC.
                        Salt makes it difficult for water to form crystals and thus lowers the freezing point (picture illustration on p260)

           Higher boiling point
                    Water boils at 100^oC
                        In solution form, more energy is needed for the molecules escape into the air
                            adding salt to water when cooking pasta, allows the water to reach a higher temperature before boiling.