-every form of matter has two kinds of properties
                    physical properties
                    chemical properties

            (look at the diagrams on pp 60 and 61)

            Physical properties of matter
                physical  property - characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
 
                        properties: density, melting and boiling points, hardness, texture, color,
                                    state of matter at room temperature(solid, liquid, gas), malleability, ductility
                                    malleability, ductility
                                    -used to classify matter

             Chemical properties of matter
                chemical property - characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
                        properties: corrosion, flammability precipitations, new substances

 
    
    Elements
        What is an Element?
            element - a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or phsical means
                                simpliest substances

        Particles of Element - Atoms
                atom - basic particle from which all elements are made  (review the figure 5 on page 63)

      When Atoms Combine
            atoms of most elements have the ability to combine with other atoms
                  chemical bond - a force of attraction between two atoms
                                    forming larger particles called molecules

                molecules- groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds  (review the figurer 6 on page 63)

    Compounds
            compound - pure substance made of two or more elements chemically cobined in a set ratio
 
               chemical formula - shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms
 
        When elements are chemical combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements. (review figure 7 on page 64)

    Mixtures
        Each substance in a mixture keeps it individual properties.  Also, the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio.
        Heterogeneous Mixtures
            heterogeneous mixture - the different parts are visible.

        Homogeneous Mixtures
               homogeneous mixture - the different parts are mixed well that they are not visible
            a solution is a type of homegeneous mixture

    Separating Mixtures
            compounds are difficult to separate
            mixture are much easier to separate
                    Review Figure 10 on pages 66-667

Changes in Matter
    Physical Changes
 
            physical change - any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not makes any substance in the matter into different substances.
            A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the  change.
          Change in State
                solid, liquid and gas

           Change in Shape or Form
               dissolving, bending, crushing,breaking, chopping
               filtration and distillation

    Chemical Changes
 
              chemical change - a change in matter that produces one or more new substances in a chemical change, or chemical reaction.
 
        Review the chart on page 70

    Conservation of Matter

             law of conservation of mass - mass is not created or destroyed in any chemical change.

        Review the chart on page 71  Go through the Conserving  Matter activity   PHSchool.com webcode cgp1013
(we will be doing this activity for credit later so you do  not need to print anything).
 
 

Energy and Matter
         energy - ability to do work or cause change

    Forms of Energy
 
            thermal energy, chemical energy, electromagnetic energy and electrical energy

      Thermal Energy 
          total energy of all the particles in an object
            temperature a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles matter
 
                endothermic change - energy is taken in
                                                     ex: why food in the refrigerator is cold

                exothermic change -  the release of the energy
                                                   ex:  the heat from the fire
 
         Chemical Energy
                Chemical Energy -stored  in the chemical bonds between atoms

         Electromagnetic Energy
                Electromagnetic Energy -travels through space as waves

         Electrical Energy 
            Electrical Energy - charged particles (electrons) moving from one place to another

               Electrodes - metal strips placed in solution

    Transforming Energy
        During a chemical change, chemical energy may be changed to other forms of energy.  Other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy.
            example - photosynthesis