Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds
Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons called alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbonds. These compounds are named by using a prefix that tells the number of carbon atoms they contain and the root -ane
Using the chart below, name each of the alkanes that are shown.

prefix	meth-	eth-	prop-	but-	pent-	hex-	hept-	oct-	non-	dec-
number of carbon	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	methyl = wine	ether = upper air	pro = before, in front of	butyr = butter	penta = 5	hexa = 6	hepta = 7	octa = 8	nona = 9	deca = 10

      H    H    H   H                                                                     H                                                  H - H - H
       |      |      |     |                                                                       |                                                    |     |     |
H- C - C - C - C - H                                                        H - C - H                                     H- C - C - C - H
      |    |    |   |                                                                     |                                                  |   |    |
      H    H    H   H                                                                     H                                                  H   H    H

________________ __________________ __________________

                  H    H                                                                                                             H    H   H    H   H    H
                   |      |                                                                                                               |      |     |      |     |      |
             H- C - C - H                                                                                                 H- C - C - C - C - C - C - H
                  |    |                                                                                                            |   |    |     |      |      |
                  H    H                                                                                                            H   H    H    H    H    H

________________ __________________

                  H    H    H    H    H                                                                   H   H   H   H    H    H    H     H
                   |      |       |     |      |                                                                    |      |     |      |     |      |       |      |
             H- C - C - C - C - C - H                                                       H- C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C -H
                  |    |    |       |     |                                                                    |   |    |     |      |      |      |      |
                  H    H    H    H   H                                                                   H   H    H    H    H    H    H    H

________________ __________________________

ISOMERS (same formula, different structure)

1.                                    H - H - H
                                        |     |     |
                                 H- C - C - C - H
                                        |     |      |
                                       H    |     H
                                              |
                                      H - C -H
                                              |
                                             H

Formula _____________________
Name _______________________

Examples of substitute hydrocarbons
    Halogens, Alcohols (hydroxyl - OH), Organic acids (carboxyl - COOH), esters

    Identify each with the name of the structures; and the hydrocarbon substitutes group

2.                                          H
                                              |
                                      H - C - OH
                                              |
                                             H
name of the structure ________________________
type of element structure ________________________
hydrocarbon substitutes _______________________
3.                                          O
                                              ||
                                      H - C - OH



name of the structure ________________________
type of element structure ________________________
hydrocarbon substitutes _______________________

4.                                    Cl
                                        |
                                  F - C - Cl
                                        |
                                        F
name of the structure ________________________
type of element structure ________________________
hydrocarbon substitutes _______________________
5.                                   H - H - H    O           H - H
                                        |     |     |       ||             |      |
                                 H- C - C - C - C - O - C - C - H
                                        |     |      |                   |      |
                                       H    H   H                 H    H
name of the structure ________________________
type of element structure ________________________
hydrocarbon substitutes _______________________

With a colored pencil, trace over the group of atoms that make up the alcohols, organic acids, esters, halogens.

each line in the formula is a bond, so two lines means it is a double bond.